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Background of Vedic Ceremonies

An Extract from Ancient Power of Sanskrit Mantra and Ceremony, Volume III


For thousands of years before the first Western religious ceremony was ever performed. Before the Christ or the Buddha appeared. While mainstream Judaism was centered around scholars and prophets, (although the Kabbalah was being taught in Jewish mystical circles) the ancient devotional and spiritual science of puja (poo-jah) was being practiced in India. Its roots go back well-before the advent of writing to when the oral tradition was in full flower.

It is useful for us to remember that during the period during which the oral tradition flourished, people's brains were wired differently than ours are today. Most of us would be lost without our Day Runner organizers notebooks or our Palm handheld computerized address and schedule holders. Our minds cannot remember all the details of our busy lives with its soccer practices, organization meetings, business activities, and hundreds of addresses and telephone numbers. Although we scarcely used such things only two decades ago, we have grown completely dependent upon them. They leave our mind free to pursue abstract thought
as well as the practical labyrinths we must sometimes traverse in our business activities.

But thousands of years ago daily life was not so complex as it is today. Our mental adaptability took routes to efficiency that are different than the ones we routinely use today. For the most part, people remembered what they heard. And they remembered it verbatim. That seems strange to us today, since if we want that kind of accuracy we just record it on tape or disc. But since there were no such technologies in those days, the brain used its fantastic adaptability to wire itself for memory in different ways than we use today.

People could remember entire conversation from months or weeks past. The knowledge of the village was passed on through oral instruction that
was easily remembered by students because that's the way their brains
were wired and that's the way the society was constructed. So when one or two from among their number answered an inner mystical call, went up out of the village and into the foothills and began to chant in their native language about "this great being of which we are all a part." Those who heard them down in the village went to investigate, to listen, and to record those revelations that were coming through these pioneer mystics ? early spiritual geniuses that God seemed to tap on the shoulder while saying "Come let me instruct you."

The only records we have of those early mystical lessons were faithfully recorded in memory by the people of those villages. Some of the chanted verses were hundreds of couplets long ? yet they were all remembered in perfect detail. Because our brains are wired differently today, it is difficult for us to fathom how these early people could achieve this remarkable ability, just as they would marvel at the buildings, machinery and computers we have created today. Different brain wiring patterns produce different kinds of society.

We have scriptures today, some of them very long, that we can trace back four, six, even eight thousand years before we can no longer accept their reliability, at least in terms of when they were composed. Since modern scholarship depends upon verifiable records, many of the orally kept records by in the priest class concerning when certain shlokas or verses were composed, are dismissed. This does not mean that the priests are wrong. It simply means that we cannot verify what they present to us today as the accurate timeline for scriptural compositions.

Unlike modern scholars, I am not so quick to dismiss the records of the priest class. Maybe that's because I am a trained Vedic Priest myself. But when I read the old scriptures, it all makes sense to me somehow. I get visuals in my meditations of those days long gone by. I get a sense of a culture that lasted thousands of years; that far more stable than anything we have today. And I feel the mystical vibrations resonating within as I read the translations of those oral records. I feel them even more when I chant the ancient verses.

One of the foundation scriptures of Vedic Hinduism is the Purusha Suktam (Hymn to the Transcendental Overself) whatever that means. But reading this hymn's translation, one gets a sense of the time it was composed thousands of years before writing changed our societies and our lives. This hymn is also one of the foundations of Vedic worship. Many, if not all, pujas use this hymn as part of the worship service.

There are a variety of translations of this hymn, but most of them present the same ideas in almost the same way. Here is a translation of that hymn.

The Purusha Suktam

(Hymn to the Transcendental Oversoul or Self)
"Om. The Primal Person has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet. Pervading the entire universe, He transcends everything (is twenty finger-widths above, which means transcendental)

All this is that Supreme Person that which was and that which will be. He is the Lord of immortality. He shows himself as if growing like the food we eat.

The existence of the universe in all three periods of time is the manifestation of the glory of this primal person. Not only that, He is beyond and greater than the universe.

All this is that Supreme Person ? that which was and that which will be. He is the Lord of immortality. He shows himself as if growing like the food we eat.

Three-fourths of this Cosmic Reality is established in the spheres of light above. Only one-fourth of His effulgence appears and disappears here as our reality. In this manifesting one-fourth power, this Primal Person is pervading in all living things

The universe of varied forms emerged from the Primal Person. Holding this cosmos as His body the Supreme Being manifested. He created the celestials, animals and human beings as well as the earth by His own Power, though he was always Transcendental. Later, to propitiate this cosmic Truth, the celestials made a symbolic mental fire sacrifice. To this fire sacrifice, spring became the oblation, summer became the holy grass, and the rainy season became the main offering.

They installed the Cosmic Person over the holy grass and invoked Him there, the One who was before the creation and the object of the great fire sacrifice.

Thus the celestials and the perfected beings joining together performed the mental fire sacrifice; the great meditation, keeping Him as the main oblation.

There emerged a curd that contained the ghee (clarified butter) from the altar of the fire sacrifice in which the Cosmic Being himself was the highest oblation. Later birds that fly, animals of the forest, and the animals that move in the village were created.

All mantras known as Rik, Yajur, Sama and Gayatri emerged out of that altar in which the Self of all the selves was the main oblation.

Horses, animals having two-lined teeth, cows, goats and sheep and the like were born of this cosmic sacrifice.

Into how many parts did they divine this cosmic being when they decided to pour Him as the oblation? Which is His face? Which are His arms? His thighs and feet?

Brahmins (priests) emerged from the mouth, Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers) from the arms, Vaishyas (tradespeople) from his thighs, Shudra (people of service to the rest) from the feet of this Cosmic Person.

From His mind emerged the moon, sun from his eyes, Indra (Lord of the first heaven) and Agni (god of fire) from his mouth, and the cosmic breath, Vayu (the air) emerged from his breath (prana).

Atmosphere emerged out from his navel, sphere of light (Dyuloka) from his head, earth from his feet, directions from his ears. Thus the celestials (devas) created all Spheres( lokas) from His cosmic body. 

Thus the gods worshipped the God of Gods mentally through Sacrifice. The techniques used in the Yajna (sacrifice) became the law of life. The meditation on this "Cosmic Prayer of the Cosmic Form of God" leads the devotees to the highest heaven where the angels and masters dwell.

For this sacrifice seven meters are the boundaries. Twenty-one principles are the oblations. To this sacrificial pillar the gods bound the Cosmic Truth itself by the cord of mantra for their realization."

You can see how staggering this scripture must have sounded the first time someone started chanting it from a place in the local foothills. Some person known to the local inhabitants left one day and a bit later these phrases started resounding through the countryside.

Start of Ritual Worship

From this hymn came the beginning of ritual worship that quickly evolved into the Hindu pujas that we know today. It is not an exaggeration to state that they have been done in nearly exactly the same way for literally thousands of years. In my other books I have spoken of some of the problems that emerged from the priest class. But here I wish to extol their virtues for keeping intact the majesty and power of the Sanskrit rituals for thousands upon thousands of years. Their service in this task is monumental, and I salute them for it. Technological advances notwithstanding, cultural shifts of many kinds notwithstanding, invasions from various factions notwithstanding, they have kept the mantras, pujas and yajnas intact and pure for millennia after millennia.

As I have written in other places, the power of both mantra and ceremony soon became evident. The following is taken from my book Mantras of the Goddess:

The more the mystics investigated through expanded means of subtle perception, the more they understood what was happening. They saw that we are surrounded by energy all the time, spiritual energy.  They also saw that when the Sanskrit formulas were chanted, that is, as the petals on the chakras vibrated in mystical resonances, a tiny amount of this spiritual energy was actually pulled into the subtle body. The chakras were accessing and drawing in energy that is around us all the time. One may say by way of analogy that our chakras were little TV sets that instead of pulling in television signals, pulled in spiritual energy. Continuing this analogy, the various chakras are the different channels. By the chanting of the Sanskrit formulas, people were experiencing a net gain not just in energy, but in usable spiritual energy.

Over months and years of such activity, the energy gains were amazing. People who previously had no noticeable aura, now had one. Among those who had seemed quite ordinary, some became healers, while others seemed to grow wise and mysteriously tap into realms of spiritual knowledge and understanding. The total amount of energy in the body was increasing as chanting continued over time, because the chakras were accessing, pulling in and processing new energy constantly.  So astonished were these early seers that they acted just like the CIA of today. They immediately clamped a lid on the spread of this knowledge even as they continued to study it. As the years rolled by, the sages noticed that continuous practice of chanting led to spiritual abilities, such as clairvoyance (mystical seeing), clairaudience (mystical hearing), and others. The subtle body, as it grew, became able to work with the laws of the universe in ways that seem like science fiction today. These outcomes were carefully written down (after the advent of writing) and can be found today in The Vedas, the Upanishads, and most recently the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.

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© 2006 Thomas Ashley-Farrand